President's Update:
Well, thank you, Patsy, and first of all, thank everyone for being
here with us this weekend. We've only just begun to have folks
in-person rather than on Zoom. I must admit it first, there was a
little bit much to get used to once again, being physically one-on-one
or in bigger groups with individuals. But we're now in shape and
enjoying it very much. We really do appreciate you all coming back
connecting with one another, but also most importantly for us
connecting with the university. Time is limited. Of course, I could
probably stand up here and as an academic, put anything into a 50-minute
lecture. But today I have less time and so I'm going to try to just
get to some highlights for the year and then leave some time for
questions, both from you here and also from folks who are watching via
Zoom.
First of all, some of you might've been here for commencement
two weeks ago. We had an unusual year as of course, everything is
quite unusual following the past two years. We had two commencements
in one day. We actually had three commencements in three days. We had
a celebration traditionally at 10:30 on Sunday for the class of 22,
which was really terrific. Governor Deval Patrick gave a stirring
commencement address. Then later in the afternoon at five o'clock, we
did it all again for the classes of 20 and 21. Much to our surprise,
so many of those now alumni came back for the celebration and it was
terrific. Marta Kauffman for the class of 78 gave that commencement
address. Interestingly, she and Deval gave similar messages, but in
very different ways, Deval being the politician he was, Marta being
the Hollywood creative figure that she was, gave very different ways
to say the same thing and to encourage our students to be citizens and
really to participate in our democratic process. As I said, different
ways, but the same message. Prior to that two days or three days
earlier, we had to have a third commencement because our Frisbee team
made the Nationals and their game was going to be played on the
weekend. [APPLAUSE] and so we had a small celebration in Hassenfeld
Conference Center that was really unique in some ways and very
enjoyable. But in any case, those three commencement ceremonies were
terrific and it was a great graduating class. I should say a little
bit, not in my notes right here, but about admissions. We were hoping
to admit a class of 920 thereabouts, which is quite large. But we were
making up a little bit for the past two years and the unknowns of
COVID and we had an extraordinary yield much beyond what we expected.
We're hovering about maybe another 160, 170 students above that. We're
encouraging many to take gap years. About 60 or 70 students take gap
years traditionally. We're hoping 170, 180 students take gap years. We
don't think that's going to happen, but in any case, we're preparing
for the largest class in Brandeis history. In some ways, I'd rather have
that problem than 172 fewer students coming. Highlights for the past
year. Then of course, I want you folks to ask questions on things that
perhaps I do not get to today. First of all, we have to start with the
pandemic, of course, because it was such a important factor over the
course of the last two years. I should start by saying a big thank you
to all the alumni who support that alumni gave to the institution. As
soon as we pivoted in March of 2020 and announced that we were going
to do hybrid learning or learning from home and Zoom, we had
remarkable support. Our emergency fund garnered more support than we
ever anticipated and it really did help students in many ways and help
families in many ways. Students how to get home, students thought how
to find ways to get home. Many of them didn't have ways to connect to
diversity, believe it or not. Some of them were living in shared rooms
with shared siblings and they're three, four or five doing school at
the same time on one computer. We did a whole bunch of stuff with the
alumni support to help those students get online and continue their
education. Alumni also helped in many ways during that time, finding
opportunities for students in the summer through internships, mentoring
students. There were a lot of online hybrid internships going on, even
during the height of the pandemic, before the vaccines came and alumni
really step forward to help with our students as well. I should say
also the presidents of universities, especially those of us in
Massachusetts, began something very different. I was president before
for 11 years at Middlebury College, very close to the
group of presidents, the other small liberal arts
institutions in the Northeast. We were very close friends with one
another. But even during the financial meltdown in 2008, '09, none of
us ever acknowledged that there was anything wrong when we met four
times a year. You would think that nothing was going on in the world.
It's a tradition for college or university presidents never to show
any weakness in their institution. COVID caused very different
response. In fact, we began meeting weekly on Zoom at eleven o'clock
on Friday. We did that for a year-and-a-half until we then went to
once every other week talking about COVID. We had four members of our
group of 55 presidents who sat on the Governor's Council on COVID, who
gave advice to the governor, tried to get lobbying for universities in
terms of what we needed most, and it create an esprit de corps that I
never saw among college university presidents. It was quite
remarkable. You had all the research ones in the Boston area like MIT,
Harvard, BU, and Brandeis working with tiny
little liberal arts colleges that I never heard of in the Berkshire
mountains out in Western Mass. It was really amazing how everyone
stepped up to help one another. There were some good that came out of
the pandemic. But, of course, there were great challenges as well.
I'll also say one other thing about the pandemic over the last year is
that like today, we're able to offer alumni so many more events on the
platforms doing hybrid programming and enabled us to reach out to so
many of you in ways that we couldn't do before. I started getting too
comfortable with Zoom, having many Zooms with groups, 12 hours apart
in Asia, down in Latin America and so forth. In a way I'm going to
miss that. I hope that we could continue that and people will be as
excited to see us through Zoom as they were during those two years. We
can come back to any questions you might have on the pandemic and its
impact on the university. I will say that we lost about $36 million in
revenue in the first year of the pandemic. We still balanced our
budget because we were able to, of course, freeze compensation and
also halt the matching benefit from the university. We also froze
budgets. Senior administrators took, of course, salary cuts. We
balanced the budget. We were able to do that for a year. We have been
there for a second year, but of course it's now starting to feel the
pains. We can't continue to do that and still maintain an excellent
program. We can talk about that a little bit when we get to the Q&A.
Let me talk a little bit about priorities for this year. There were
many moments of pride in the past year and I'm sure many of you have
followed some of the news. We had alumni taking part in, for example,
medical discoveries having to do with COVID, as you know. Drew
Weissman of course, has been recognized many times over for his work
on the vaccine. We have many educators. The number of educators who
have participated as teachers, and teachers were on the front line
many of them, they had to basically learn how to teach a new doing
through Zoom and hybrid from K through 12 and even college at the
higher levels and Brandeis has a huge number of those alumnus doing
that as well. In the course of the next year, what we're doing now is
that alumni have stepped forward. What we're most prideful about is
the support, as I mentioned before, that alums have given the
university and it showed up in our fundraising. For those of you who
don't know what the nuances of fundraising, I think the last two years
might have been the first two years when all across the board for
Brandeis fundraising alums took the lead. We still do have an amazing
support from friends of the university. In fact, I joke that most
college university presidents would kill for the friends that Brandeis
has and the support they give to university. But in the last two
years, alumni have stepped up to be the leading givers to the
institution. Much of that has to do with the academic experience. I've
spoken many times about how if you look through the decades from the
50s all the way through the 2000 teens, you find in all of our surveys
and all of our conversations, alums give the university an A plus or A
minus more than 80 percent of the time for their academic experience
at the university. Where we do less good, and we're working on this as
part of our framework for the future, is in the Student Life side.
What is social life like? Now when I talk to the more senior alums, I
do hear that it was a great time and that everyone loved their social
life and so forth. But I think starting in the 80s and 90s, the
expectations of what social life was and is, and also some of the
changing legal aspects like the drinking age, changed the environments
on campus. Since then, we've had some challenges in terms of meeting
the social life needs of students. We're working on that. The
framework for the future [inaudible 00:09:08] task forces,
specifically in social life, trying to find out from recent alums and
also current students how we could do better. We're hoping now that
COVID has passed, we can get to work in those areas. But in terms of
fundraising, appreciation for the faculty continues. This is what the
alum speak most about, it's the appreciation for the faculty that they
had, be it in the 1950s or be it into 2000 teams. This is what alumni
talk about and I'm happy to say that this past year we had an
unprecedented five new endowed professorships given by alumni, which
is pretty astounding. Five in one year. In fact, five endowed
professors given over the course of five months, which I think is
quite remarkable. They were given the first ever in an
African-American studies that will be announced fairly soon. This was
terrific if we have a department that started in 1969 and we've been
trying to have an endowed professorship there for that longer time. We
finally got one. We're very grateful for that gift. We have another
one in Israeli society and politics. That one sounds like maybe run of
the mill, but in this political day and age, it isn't quite run of the
mill. It's quite challenging. To make it even more interesting, it was
not given to the Schusterman Center for Israel Studies, but it was
given as a result of a relationship with the Crown Center for Middle
East Studies. For those of you who might think things through, you
have the Schusterman Center for Israel Studies, and then you have the
Crown Center for Middle East Studies, and the two don't necessarily do
things together all the time, although that's changing a little bit.
But the benefactor here, the donor wanted to make sure that Israel was
considered within the Middle East when they had all research and
activities going on about the Middle East. That it's hard to think
about the Middle East without Israel, especially now in today's Middle
East politics. In any case, we're very happy about that chair as well.
One in mathematics from an alumna, another one in finance, and
finally, a fifth one in Jewish studies. The interesting thing that
Hannah Peters has pointed out was four of these were given singularly
by a woman and the fifth one by a couple, which is quite remarkable to
see women in such a philanthropic spot in higher education. It's
highly unusual and I think it speaks very highly of Brandeis and also
speaks to one of our great strengths. - Direct support for students
still remains our highest priority for all of our fundraising and
scholarships is most important as many of you probably know. There are
three areas of university that we seek funding for no matter whether
we're in a campaign or not in a campaign. One of them is students
support in the form of scholarships and fellowships. Another one is
faculty support in the form of endowed professorships. A third one
would be in the form of physical facilities, which is not a hot ticket
item with many Brandeis alumnus, they prefer the first two and we've
done better in that area. One of the interesting support gifts that we
got this year was a new piece scholarship program for refugees fleeing
the Ukraine and other war turned countries. This was headed by Allan
[inaudible 00:12:09], who's co-chair of the board at the Business
School. He was joined by Barbara Clark to lead a $500,000 challenge. I
think we're up to about $750,000 and $800,000 for a million dollars
challenge there for that scholarship. The idea is to give opportunity
to refugees fleeing Ukraine right now, but other countries as well,
and we hope to complete that scholarship sometime this year. We're
also seeking support for students on internships. I think as I said in
almost every one of my big gatherings that we have with the [inaudible
00:12:41], internships, actually since 2007-8 had become the coin of
the realm for students today in undergraduate education. Much of that
is because since 2007-8 with the great recession, a lot of businesses
and you probably know this very well, have more or less gotten rid of
their human resources departments and really have relied upon
internships to really test the waters for new incoming employees.
Internships are so critical now for students.
When students come to look at universities, one of the first things that parents ask and ask
me is, what is your internship program like? What is the percentage of
students who get internships and so forth for good reasons. Thanks to
all of you who have contributed in that area and we're going to
continue, of course, to do that as well. Rise Together Mentoring
program is another new program that we had that it's really a
collaboration between the Hyatt Career Center and also student
affairs. Then we also had this wonderful $10 million gift from the
Samuel's family in Houston called compact, which is really the center
for community partnerships and civic transformation. The goal here
really is to build upon a great strength of Brandeis students over the
years. Many of you who were here, you probably participated or had a
roommate or a friend who participated in the wall fam group. This is
our largest student organization, does outreach in the local
community. Bobby Samuel's and her family, in honor of her husband Vic,
who passed away last year, both from the class of '63, gave a $10
million gift to ensure and to really advance what we do in this area
of civic engagement, and it's a wonderful gift, and it's so Brandeis
and we're so grateful for it. Among the priorities for the year, as
noted in the framework for the future, our focus is on science, at
least in the next five years or so. It started with a beautiful
endowed professorship given last year by another Houston alumni,
Albert Chow, who gave a $5 million professorship in neuroscience, and
that really got us going. We're adding more faculty positions in the
sciences. We're giving augmented research opportunities for
undergraduate students. We also passed last year an engineering science program. That's really the ability to offer something in engineering has almost become as important to offer
internship opportunities. When we look at the reasons for why Brandeis
students choose not to come to Brandeis, but rather go to Tufts or go
to Northeastern, or go to other schools in the Boston area is because
we lack an engineering program. This has become so important for
universities these days. Our faculty should be commended on this. They
worked 10 years to get this program approved within themselves, we
have these archaic processes that you can imagine. It took 10 years
from the first time that it was proposed. But the two faculty members
who led the charge from physics and from biology, made proposals
across campus. They had 42 different meetings with different
constituent groups to show that this engineering science program was
not only going to be interdisciplinary, but also into divisional and
interschool. The idea behind this is not to create a separate
department or a separate school of engineering, but rather to have an
interdepartmental program that lies upon seven or eight departments,
mostly in the sciences, but then engages other departments across the
university. You will have creative arts in there, you'll have the
Heller School of Social Policy in there, you'll have the Business
School in there, and they all have parts to play in this area known as
engineering. It used to be the engineering was quite rigid and
focused. Now of course, it spans issues like ethics. It spans issues
like intellectual artificial intelligence and how you do that. It
involves artistic creation in terms of design. It looks like a great
program. I was just talking to a gentleman who teaches at Princeton in
the Engineering School at Princeton. We were talking about what the
needs would be for this program. We have a lot of faculty in the
sciences already committed to participating and will probably need 6-8 new
positions over time to make this program work, and we're off and
running on trying to fundraise for it. Another priority for the year
has been one of my really strong preferences, which is to talk about
the university's Jewish identity. I came into this position in 2016,
recognizing that this was one of the great challenges for Brandeis, to
be able to articulate who it was now in the 21st century as opposed to
who it was in 1948 when it was founded. Times have changed. Situations
have changed, but the university has more or less been a little bit
slow on the take in terms of talking about what it means to be a
Jewish bounded institution in 2016 or now in 2022. I launched these
discussions on campus with because this is a very
challenging and difficult topic. In fact, the first email I got back
in response to the announcement that I was going to host these
different discussions, was from a faculty member who is here for 51
years and still teaching. He wrote, he said that I'm the first
president to take this head-on and that it was very brave. I felt
compelled to write back to this individual immediately, which I did
and saying, first of all, being the first isn't always best, but I'll
take it. On the second issue, it's not brave at all. In fact, I just
think it's important and it's in fact necessary for the institution to
be able to stake out who it is and what it means to be Jewish founded
on Jewish values for the 21st century. I had these 12 discussions and
I survived. I learned some new things. The most important things I
took away from this, believe it or not, was from the non-Jewish
students whose groups I met. It was really interesting because I gave
12 different readings and put them in electronic box, and I asked
students to do as many readings as they could. In fact, when I asked
them on the Zoom calls, how many did the readings, all their hands
went up in true Brandeis and fashion. They're very hard workers here
still. When I asked them what was the most important reading that they
did, it was unanimous in the groups. It was 1953 article in Ebony
magazine, the magazine for African Americans in the country. It was an
article about how Brandeis was the most democratic of universities and
should be the model for all of American higher education. It was a
pretty expensive article about the history of the institution, why it
was founded in 1948, about president Sachar and so forth.
The students reaction to it was anger, it was frustration. It was, why don't we
know about this? This is a point of pride. This is something we all
should be taught. This is something we all should know coming in at
orientation. Why haven't we learned about this? I stepped back and
realized, we don't talk about this all that much. We have students who
aren't Jewish, who don't understand the Jewish tradition, who don't
understand even the reason why Brandeis was founded, and it's no
surprise to me now that they feel a bit marginalized at the
university. They walk around and they find out they have off on
Thursday on their syllabus because they have no idea why, and then
they find out that it's something called and they
have no idea what that means [BACKGROUND] and nobody else knows what
it means that much. [BACKGROUND] I realized we do nothing to explain
this to the students, and I think we took what was the takeaway here
was that we have to do much better on orientation, on-boarding faculty
of staff and students as well. In any case, I realized we're running
out of time, so I probably should finish up here with two last points
and say that coming out of these discussions has been this initiative
that we're going to launch in the fall, initiative and antisemitism.
Because what I realized was a lot of these discussions had questions
about what was Brandeis' role in higher education when it comes to
things like antisemitism. We're all doing great things on anti-racism
that we're all putting plants together both from the university level
and also from a individual, unit, and school level, and we're trying
to implement that as we go along. But what are we doing at Brandeis
for antisemitism? I spoke to several non-profits who are in the space
and doing great work in the area of fighting antisemitism. What I
realized was, many of them are not given much attention by other
university leaders because they're not universities. [inaudible
00:20:48] Brandeis might be the main convener for talking about
antisemitism, for educating university leaders so they have a better
toolkit to deal with these issues on campus, which by the way, is not
an incidental issue. I mean, antisemitism on campuses is not something
small. I feel blessed that I'm here at Brandeis because I don't have
what many other institutions face. But in any case, in the fall, we
will launch a program where we will be the convenience of university
leaders, presidents, provost deans to come here, and to learn more
about antisemitism and have things to go back to use on their campus.
Finally, let me just say that March for Our Lives is again today
happening as we are all assembled here. March for Our Lives is
something that came out of the Parkland shooting at Marjory Stoneman
Douglas. One of our students alumnus Josh mole from the class of 2019,
helped to organize this at Brandeis in 2018. He [inaudible 00:21:44]
graduate and his younger brother survived that shooting who was
present that day, and he was very much committed to this and so that
goes on today. I would be remissive if I didn't mentioned that given
this university's commitment to social justice and repairing the
world. Let me stop there and open it up. Question, anything that I
covered or didn't cover. I guess we have mics going around the room.
Just raise your hand and I'll be happy to answer those questions the
best I can. - I was just curious. When you said the consistency of the
student population, what percentage are Jewish and non-Jewish? What is
the experience over the last four years on that percentage? Gone up or
down or what? I'm just curious. - Well, we're not allowed to ask that
question so we have to do this. [LAUGHTER] No. - No, I can talk about
it because I'm an academic. I can talk about anything. But no, we're
not allowed to ask that question directly, but we have surrogate ways
in which we can estimate it. In fact, our own Cohen Center for the
Study of Jewish Life here on our campus started doing studies back in
2015, '16 on student life and they found ways around asking directly,
are you Jewish or not, and they did. The interesting thing about the
study, and I just have to say this, our board of trustees was so
nervous back in 2015 that this report was going to go public that we
had a special meeting of the board to talk about how we talk about it.
We did and we had a big phone call and I realize what a big issue this
was for a lot of alumni. But in any case, in that study, but just to
give you a comparison, that study showed that the way that was asked,
what they were able to deduce, that was about 35 or 36 percent of the
students were Jewish. Now, just to give you a comparison, Brandeis are
the only data that's published on this was published by Hill
International and they always listed 50 percent every year. This 34,35
or 36 percent was a little bit of a shock to the trustees, but we
really don't know exactly, 42 percent of the students in those surveys
wrote none. But a lot of names like Liebowitz and Schwartz and cats
and so forth and so that 35 or 36 percent might've been, I don't know
41,42, we didn't really estimate that. But to give you an idea, the
Cohen Center also did studies at Harvard, at Michigan, they wanted to
study five other schools. The percentage of Jews in the same exact
methodology using the same survey and so forth, like for example, at
Harvard showed 11 percent and Harvard had always published 25,26
percent Jews. You can see that whatever it is we're 3x apartment, I
guess that's good. We don't know the exact percentage, but it's
probably a third to 40 percent. That's what I would say. Long answer.
Other questions. Yes, don't be shy. - I apologize. President
Liebowitz, thank you for your comments. My question is, what does the
university in these somewhat fraught times, and I realize
Massachusetts is sort of a bubble of sorts. What is the university
doing to help promote diversity of thought and diversity of ideas
versus just diversity of demographic groups in identity politics? -
That's a great question and I think this is the greatest challenge
that we have here at Brandeis, along with financial challenges at
every institution of higher education, except a few face. It's really
difficult right now where a microcosm of larger society and what's
going on out there is going on in here, so there's a lot of
divisiveness on the political side but as I see it, and it's really
problematic for universities to have the self-censorship that goes on,
the fear of talking out. There are individuals here, I am quite sure,
there are students who have an array of opinions on political issues,
but what's going on is that people have decided to self-centre, it's
not worth engaging in discussion when the discussions usually turn
into really nasty arguments and so forth. What are we doing? I
appointed in 2016 as brilliant as I was, two weeks before the
presidential elections, a taskforce on free expression, probably bad
timing, not knowing how the election was going to turn out, but in any
case, we had this group of 18 which involves students, faculty, staff,
and trustees to talk about these issues about the history of Brandeis,
the commitment to open the discussion, the Jewish traditions, whole
approach to havruta and arguing back-and-forth, not to disprove
someone else, but to learn what you don't know. We talked all about
that and 18 months later, the Board of Trustees passed this document,
which was as strong as the University of Chicago's document, which of
course is a gold standard that everyone knows about and it's really
interesting in it because four individuals on the committee chose not
to sign it because they believed that we needed to have some degree of
controls and censorship and not allow certain things to be discussed
because they were hurtful potentially to others, but the other 14
members of the committee stood strong and made this presentation to
the administration and the board, and we adopted those principles. Now
since 2018, we didn't have any issues resulting from speech issues.
But again, you don't know what is being self-centered and what is
being avoided in terms of disengagement. But I will tell you as I told
you before this meeting today, that there is a movement among some
faculty. I don't know who, but I expect to receive a proposal soon
that reopen the question of free expression. We start putting controls
on speech and academic freedom and redefined it and my initial
reaction has been to push back and to not do that. We haven't had bad
situations on campus. Again, I want to stress that might not be
because we're having this re-engagement, but because people are
self-censoring but in any case, to start putting administrative limits
on speech is a real problem and even in discussions with our three
teenagers, they're of a younger generation and they feel this is very
appropriate that your generation is crazy to have open speech. You can
hurt people. I asked them, who is the arbiter? Where do you draw the
line and tell me where you draw the line and why are you correct and
I'm not correct. To answer your question, we're doing all we can.
Luckily, we haven't had many outward incidents. I'm very fearful or
I'm very concerned about the level of self-censorship and what is not
being discussed, recognizing that this is what's going on in the
country at large. - We have a question from our online audience as
well. This sounds like a plan, but I swear it's not. In addition to
helping with fundraising and internships, how else can alumni best
help the university? - Well, I think being ambassadors to university,
I think that's what the role of alumni are if they're predisposed to
helping their Alma mater, it's really to be ambassadors, it's to be
recruiting students, talking about the university, providing, as I
said before, internships, willingness to talk to students who are
ready to graduate and have questions about professions, questions
about professional schools and so forth, being available, hosting
events, being willing to host faculty members to come. We have
remarkable faculty here. I'm still amazed after six years to see the
quality of this faculty and what they do and what they're willing to
do for the university. Hosting events, getting the word out and so
forth, this is something I don't think we have really focused on if I
have to be a 100 percent honest. One of the issues I think we're
working hard on and Patsy Fisher and her crew have really begun to
pick up the game is to engage alumni as our first line of supporters
and this is something somewhat new at the university. I think Brandeis
is unique in many ways and one of the ways it's been unique is to be
different from a lot of others. But sometimes it's good to be like a
lot of others who have great alumni support and not just I'm talking
about financial, I'm talking about people who will talk up the
university and be ambassadors. In any way you can to promote Brandeis
would be great, financially is always good but there are many other
ways that you can help the university. - President Liebowitz, I'm in
biomedical research and in my field there's great barrier to progress
is what's been called the replication crisis. A lot of things that are
problematic and sciences that are not. My question to you is, can you
share with me your perspectives and what it means truth into its inner
most, parts, and how you see it being carried forward in the best ways
inside of Brandeis and outside of Brandeis? - That's a great question
and I hate to resort to anecdotes, but I will, because I think this is
a great anecdote to answer that question. During the first three years
before the pandemic that I was here, my wife and I hosted weekly
lunches in the president's office, 12 to 14 individuals with us just
for us to get a sense of Brandeis and learn more about it right from
the students, faculty, and staff that we invite to these lunches.
There were two or three questions we asked every single group. One of
it is what is unique about Brandeis in your view? That's the question
we usually ask for faculty and for staff and I'll never forget the
response from this professor who has been here almost 30 years in the
philosophy department. She's sitting at opposite ends of the table
from me and she said, well, my husband and I, he's on the faculty too
in political science. She said, we've had three sabbaticals and I
think they were to Princeton, to Berkeley, and to Michigan. She said,
I'll tell you the difference and tell you what's unique about
Brandeis. She said to this day, she said, when we taught at those
schools, when we come back, the biggest difference is that in our
classrooms, Brandeis students still come here to learn. She said, I
got to tell you what the difference is night and day, even at those
excellent, exceptional schools, the students here come to learn. Which
brings me to a point that the academic rigor of this place, the
pursuit of truth even unto its innermost part, is not only with the
faculty, forget about the faculty per minute. It comes from the
students who are still here to find the truth and to pursue academic
knowledge and knowledge on its own right. Then she leaned across the
table, literally half across the table pointing at me and she said,
and don't you dare change this. This is something that I think is
embedded deeply in the university. That's what my wife and I have
found to be very different about Brandeis from other institutions. I
would say that so long as we continue to attract the students that
we've attracted and we have the faculty pass down the culture that
really came from APSAC, the original faculty that was here that was
responsible for creating a very different type of academic culture
than you see it other places. I can get into the reasons for that,
although we run it over time, there's a real reason I have a whole
explanation for why we are unique in this way and it has to do with
how APSAC or hired his first set of faculty members for the first ten
years, which carried out a culture and a tradition here. I think we're
pretty good in this area. I'm not worried about that.